1. The kerf of laser cutting is narrow, and the deformation of the workpiece is small
The laser beam is focused into a very small spot, so that a high power density can be achieved at the focal point. At this time, the heat input by the beam far exceeds the part reflected, conducted or diffused by the material, and the material is quickly heated to the degree of vaporization, and the evaporation forms holes. As the beam moves linearly relative to the material, the holes are continuously formed into narrow slits. The trimming is less affected by heat, and there is basically no deformation of the workpiece.
During the cutting process, auxiliary gas suitable for the material to be cut can be added. When cutting steel, oxygen is used as an auxiliary gas to produce exothermic chemical reaction with molten metal to oxidize the material, and at the same time help to blow away the slag in the cutting seam. Compressed air is used to cut plastics such as polypropylene, and inert gas is used to cut flammable materials such as cotton and paper. The auxiliary gas entering the nozzle can also cool the focusing lens, preventing smoke and dust from entering the lens holder to contaminate the lens and cause the lens to overheat.
Most organic and inorganic materials can be cut with lasers. In the metal processing industry where the industrial manufacturing system occupies a large part, many metal materials, no matter what kind of hardness it is, can be cut without deformation. Of course, for high-reflectivity materials, such as gold, silver, copper and aluminum alloys, they are also good heat conductors. Traditional laser cutting is difficult, and recently fiber lasers can be used for cutting.
Laser cutting has no burrs, wrinkles, and high precision, which is better than plasma cutting. For many electromechanical manufacturing industries, because the modern laser cutting system controlled by computer programs can easily cut workpieces of different shapes and sizes, it is often preferred over punching and molding processes; although its processing speed is still slower than die punching, But it has no mold consumption, no need to repair the mold, and saves the time to replace the mold, thereby saving processing costs and reducing production costs, so it is more cost-effective overall.
2. Laser cutting is a non-contact processing with high energy and good density controllability
First of all, laser light energy is converted into amazing heat energy in a very small area, which can provide (1) narrow straight edge slit; (2) minimal heat-affected zone adjacent to the cut edge; (3) extremely small local out of shape.
Secondly, the laser beam does not exert any force on the workpiece, it is a non-contact cutting tool, which means (4) no mechanical deformation of the workpiece; (5) no tool wear, and there is no problem of tool conversion; (6) cutting The hardness of the material does not need to be considered, that is, the laser cutting ability is not affected by the hardness of the material to be cut, and any hardness material can be cut.
Thirdly, the laser beam is highly controllable, and has high adaptability and flexibility, so (7) it is very convenient to combine with automation equipment, and it is easy to realize the automation of the cutting process; (8) due to the absence of restrictions on the cutting workpiece, the laser beam It has unlimited profiling and cutting capabilities; (9) Combined with the computer, it can lay out the entire board and save materials.
3. Laser cutting has wide adaptability and flexibility
Compared with other conventional processing methods, laser cutting has greater adaptability. Compared with other thermal cutting methods, also as a thermal cutting process, other methods cannot act on an extremely small area like a laser beam, resulting in a wide incision, a large heat-affected zone and obvious deformation of the workpiece. Lasers can cut non-metals while other thermal cutting methods cannot.
